Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb
Koj puas tau muab koj lub tsheb tseem ceeb thiab tsis hnov dab tsi? Los yog nrhiav pom lub tshuab hauv tsev dheev nres ua haujlwm? Feem ntau, ib qho me me, pheej yig hu ua ib tug relay yog qhov teeb meem.
Xav txog ib tug relay raws li lub chaw taws teeb hloov. Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob me me uas yuav tsum tau loj dua, muaj zog tshaj plaws Circuit Court. Qhov no cia ib lub koos pij tawj me me ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws- cov cuab yeej tam sim no zoo ib yam li koj lub tsheb oob khab lossis lub tub yees compressor.
Ob qhov tseem ceeb qhia zaj dab neeg no: cov kauj thiab cov neeg sib tiv tauj. Cov coil ua raws li "lub hlwb" tau txais cov cim me. Cov neeg sib cuag ua haujlwm li "cov leeg" ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm kev hloov lub circuit Court.
Cov lus qhia no yuav qhia koj tiag vim li cas thiaj rov qab ua tiav. Koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas yog tias cov neeg xa tawm tau ua haujlwm tau zoo. Qhov kev paub no yuav pab koj kuaj thiab kho teeb meem koj tus kheej.
Vim li cas thiaj rov qab poob
Kev nkag siab kev tsom xam ntawm Relay Chev thiab tiv tauj kev ua txhaum pib nrog kev paub txog txhua ntu haujlwm. Lub kauj thiab cov neeg hu tsis ntau zaus. Txhua tus muaj cov tsis muaj zog. Saib yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li zom.
Lub Plawv: Cov Kev Sib Tw Roj
Cov relay chev yog cia li lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me. Heev me ntsis tooj liab hlau qhwv ib ncig ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb ntau pua zaus lossis ntau txhiab zaus.
Kev siv me me rau cov kauj no tsim lub tiaj xim sib nqus. Daim teb no rub tawm ib qib me me hu ua armature. Cov tub rog txhais tau tias ua haujlwm hloov chaw.
Overheating thiab burout
Chev Burnout los ntawm kev kub siab tshaj feem ntau. Ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas ua rau nws hloov ntau dhau tam sim no. Qhov no tsim ntau dhau thiab melts lub nyias hlau txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.
Kev siv tas mus li kuj tau ua kom sov nyob rau lub sijhawm. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb yog tias cov relay tsis ua rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li. Koj yuav hnov tsw tawg paj lossis kua roj vanish. Cov ntxhiab tsw no qhia meej tias yog kib cheil. Cov ntxhiab tsw txhais tau tias cov rwb thaiv tsev tau ua tsis tiav.
Qhib Circuit Court hauv Windings
Kev qhib Circuit Court txhais tau tias yog coil hlau lub cev tsoo. Qhov no tsim kev sib txawv hauv txoj kev hluav taws xob. Tsis muaj tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws.
Kev co ntawm lub voj voog rau ntau txhiab mais yuav ua rau qhov no tawg. Manufacturing cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog lossis muaj xeb sab hauv kuj pab txhawb. Thaum lub coil qhib, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub teb sib nqus. Tus relay tsis muaj dab tsi.
Lub cev muaj windings
Cov windings windings tshwm sim thaum rwb thaiv tsev ntawm xaim loops tawg. Overheating los yog voltage spikes ua rau qhov no.
Thaum cov xov hlau kov, lawv tsim ib qho luv luv. Qhov no txo cov coil tag nrho ntev thiab kev tawm tsam. Lub kauj ces kos cov loj tam sim no. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshuab tswj hwm lub fuse fuse lossis kev puas tsuaj rhiab hluav taws xob txhais tau kom ua kom cov relay.
Tus ua haujlwm ua haujlwm: Cov neeg sib tham relay
Relay cov neeg yog lub cev hloov cov ntsiab lus. Lawv qhib thiab kaw kom tswj cov hluav taws xob ntws ntws hauv lub ntsiab, siab- fais fab circuit Court.
Cov neeg hu no siv cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom tiv thaiv hnav thiab coj hluav taws xob zoo. Lawv yog lawv cov relay ua haujlwm kawg thiab siv kev tsim txom ntau.
Pitting los ntawm hluav taws xob arcing
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev sib chwv tsis tau. Txhua txhua lub sijhawm hu qhib lossis kaw hauv qab load, ib qho hluav taws xob me me dhia hla kev sib txawv.
Qhov no arc zoo li me me xob laim thiab tau txais kub heev. Ntau txhiab kev ua haujlwm, cov arcs tawg ntawm cov khoom sib chrast ntawm cov khoom sib chwv. Qhov no tsim rau pits thiab craters rau saum npoo.
Cov neeg sib tham relay muaj cov voj voog ntsuas kev sib tw, zoo li 100,000 kev khiav haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom. Tshaj li no lossis hloov siab dua - dc tam sim no DC loads luv luv lub neej. Ntau dua kev ua tub rog ua rau qhov no.
Vuam ntawm cov neeg sib cuag
Hu rau vuam vuam tshwm sim thaum surges tam sim no maj mam ntws los ntawm kev sib tiv tauj. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum pib cov motors loj lossis lub zog hluav taws xob nrog cov loj capacitors.
Cov nthwv dej tam sim no tuaj yeem khaus nws ib pliag melts sib tiv tauj cov chaw. Yog tias lawv raug kaw ces, lawv tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau peb ua ke. Cov khaub ncaws reey rau hauv "ntawm" txoj haujlwm. Cov cuab yeej tswj tsis yuav tua.
Cov pa roj carbon thiab oxide tsim
Arcing tsim cov zaub roj carbon cov roj carbon rau ntawm cov chaw sib chwv ib lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, av noo thiab huab ua pa paug ua yeeb tshuaj oxide txheej.
Cov pa roj carbon lossis oxide txheej ua raws li cov insulators. Lawv tiv thaiv kom huv, qis - Tsis kam sib txuas thaum cov neeg sib cuag sib ze. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib txuas sib txuas lossis ua tiav tsis ua haujlwm hluav taws xob. Cov relay tseem "nyem" thiab zoo li ua haujlwm.
Cov tswv yim kuaj
Tam sim no los cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: cov tswv yim, kauj ruam- {1}- kauj ruam qhia. Qhov no qhia tau tias yuav ua li cas ua tiav kev tsom xam ntawm relay chev thiab tiv tauj ua txhaum siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim. Tus txheej txheem no yuav pab koj ua kom tiav kev txiav txim siab seb puas muaj kev xa xov zoo lossis tsis zoo.
Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Cuab Yeej Ua Ntej
Kev Nyab Xeeb yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua ntej kev sim hluav taws xob. Nco ntsoov ua raws cov kev cai yooj yim no.
Disconnect tag nrho lub zog los ntawm Circuit Court koj ua haujlwm.
Ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov relay los ntawm nws lub qhov (socket) lossis board.
Hnav tsom iav kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua haujlwm nrog roj teeb.
Koj tsuas yog xav tau ob peb cov cuab yeej yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem no.
Cov digital multimeter (DMM).
Ib lub zog tsim nyog txuam nrog Relay's coil voltage (zoo li 9V roj teeb, lossis nce qib lub teeb lub zog hluav taws xob muab).
Jumper cov xov hlau, nyiam dua nrog txhua tus clips, kom ua kev sib txuas tau yooj yim dua.
Kauj ruam 1: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Pom Zoo
Thawj qhov kev xeem yog ib txwm pom kev thiab kev kuaj pom zoo. Kev paub qhia tau ntau yam kev rov qab ua tsis tiav qhia lawv tus kheej ua ntej koj tuaj tos lwm yam twj.
Saib ze ze ntawm lub relay lub tshuab yas. Ib daim ntawv o, tawg, lossis melted rooj plaub feem ntau qhia tau meej meej qhia tau cov relay hnyav heev overheated. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim vim muaj cov coil luv lossis cov neeg sib tw ntau dua.
Txheeb xyuas cov pins lossis cov kev txiav nyiaj. Puas yog lawv huv thiab ci, lossis corroded thiab blackened? Kev sib txuas tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau kub tsim thiab tsis ua tiav.
Thaum kawg, hnov tsw tus relay. Qhov ntawd txawv kev hlawv hluav taws xob cov ntxhiab tsw muaj ntxhiab tsw tawm tswv yim sab hauv coil hlawv tawm.
Kauj ruam 2: Nkag siab txog Pinout
Txhawm rau kuaj ib qho relay, koj yuav tsum paub tias cov pins uas ua dab tsi. Feem ntau cov tsheb thiab dav {{- hom phiaj cia siv cov qauv ntsuas ntawm Iso Mini Repay pinout.
PINS 85 thiab {86}: cov txuas no rau cov kauj.
PIN 30: Qhov no yog qhov "sib tiv tauj" kev sib cuag ", tus hloov mus tawm tswv yim.
Tus PIN 87: Qhov no yog "nquag qhib" (tsis muaj) kev sib cuag. Nws txuas rau pin 30 nkaus xwb thaum lub kauj yog energized.
Tus Pin 87A: Qhov no yog qhov "nquag kaw" (NC) tiv tauj. Nws txuas rau pin 30 thaum lub kauj tawm. (Nco tseg: tsis yog txhua relays muaj 87A PIN).
Daim duab thaij duab yooj yim. PIN 155 thiab {86 nyob ntawm ib sab, sawv cev tswj hwm hluav taws xob. PINS 30, 87, thiab 87A nyob rau lwm tus, sawv cev rau Circuit Court.
Kauj ruam 3: Kuaj cov kauj
Qhov kev ntsuas no tau kuaj xyuas lub kauj txoj kev noj qab haus huv sab hauv. Nws qhia koj yog tias cov kauj qhib, luv, lossis noj qab nyob zoo.
Ua ntej, teeb tsa koj qhov ntau ntau yam. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm Ohms (ω) cim.
Txuas cov pulles sib piv rau ob coil pins, 85 thiab 86. Polarity tsis muaj teeb meem rau qhov kev ntsuas no.
Tam sim no saib koj txoj kev nyeem puv. Peb qhov txiaj ntsig tau ua tau.
Cov kauj zoo: ib qho kev noj qab haus huv relay coil qhia kev nyeem ntawv, feem ntau ntawm 50 thiab 200 ohms. Tus nqi pes tsawg yog nyob ntawm tus relay tab sis yuav tsum yog qhov ruaj khov, tsis - tus lej xoom.
Cov coil tsis zoo (qhib): Yog hais tias cov neeg sib txuam nrog "ol" (dhau qhov txwv), lossis zoo sib xws}} Lub kauj yog qhib thiab cov relay yog qhov tsis zoo.
Cov coil tsis zoo (luv): yog tias cov multimeter nyeem tsawg heev, zoo li ze {} xoom ohms, sab hauv cov windings shorted ua ke. Lub kauj yog luv thiab cov relay yog qhov tsis zoo.
Kauj ruam 4: Ntsuas Cov Tiv Thaiv
Qhov no ob {{- ntu kev sim qhia txog lub cev hloov tshuab ua haujlwm kom raug. Nws feem ntau hu ua "Nyem Kuaj" vim tias koj yuav mloog cov kev ua haujlwm rov qab ua haujlwm.
Ntu A: Kos ib txwm kaw
Ua ntej, teeb tsa koj multimeter mus hom txuas ntxiv. Qhov no feem ntau pom los ntawm lub suab yoj lossis cov cim dai. Hauv hom no, cov hlaws me me thaum ua kom kov, qhia txog kev kaw Circuit Court.
Yog tias koj relay muaj thib tsib tus pin (87A), txuas kev sib sau ua ke rau cov pin (30) thiab ib txwm kaw tus pin (87A).
Nrog tsis muaj lub zog siv rau lub kauj, pulcalimeter yuav tsum tau geep tam sim ntawd. Qhov no tshaj tawm cov nquag kaw kev sib txuas yog lawm. Yog tias nws tsis beep, lub hloov sab hauv yog faulty.
Ntu B: Qhov Kev Ntsuas Nyem
Qhov no yog qhov tseeb xeem. Nws kuaj yog tias cov kauj tuam sib nqus yog muaj zog txaus txav lub pob nyem thiab yog tias ib txwm qhib qhib cov neeg tuaj yeem ua kom zoo sib txuas.
Ua kom koj txoj kev cai sib txuas lus txuas nrog cov pin (30) thiab ib txwm qhib Pin (87). Lub ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum nyob ntsiag to, raws li qhov kev sib txuas no qhib los ntawm lub neej ntawd.
Tam sim no ua tib zoo txuas koj lub zog hluav taws xob (zoo li 9V lossis 12V roj teeb) rau cov chev pins (85 thiab 86).
Ua tib zoo mloog. Thaum koj thov lub hwj chim, koj yuav tsum hnov ib qho CRISP, qhov sib txawv "ntawm lub relay. Qhov no yog txoj kev hloov sab hauv.
Saib ntawm koj multometer. Lub sijhawm lub relay nyem, lub ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum pib ua zaub mov. Qhov no tshaj tawm cov hloov kaw kaw lub Circuit Court ntawm Pins 30 thiab 87.
Yuav kom txhij txhua, disconnect lub zog los ntawm cov kauj. Koj yuav tsum tau hnov cov tsaus muag "uas yog hloov rov qab los so, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum nres beeping. Yog tias cov nias Relay thiab txuas ntxiv hloov raws nraim li tau piav qhia, cov relay feem ntau yuav ua haujlwm.
Ib tug deeper kev ntsuas
Qhov kev xeem dhau / swb yog qhov zoo. Tab sis kev txheeb xyuas tseeb ntawm Relay Cheil thiab tiv tauj kev ua txhaum yuav tsum tau sib txuas cov tsos mob rau cov hauv paus ua rau pom. Nkag siab txog txoj kev sib raug zoo no tau txav koj los ntawm qhov - Tester rau cov kws daws teeb meem.
Coil vs. hu ua tsis ua
Cov ntawv qhia hauv qab no teeb meem sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab tseem ceeb pawg tseem ceeb. Siv nws raws li kev siv sai sai thaum kuaj mob.
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Txhaum cov xeeb ceem |
Chev Fres |
Tiv tauj cov txhaum |
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Cov tsos mob tshwm sim |
- relay tsis "nyem" txhua. |
{{0- relay "nyem" tab sis cov cuab yeej tsis qhib. |
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Tseem ceeb ua rau |
-}} tsis yog voltage. |
{{0- arcing los ntawm hloov lub nra. |
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Lultimeter xeem (chev) |
{-}}}} QHIB COIL: INFINITE RESISTANCE (OL). |
N / A (Chev yuav ntsuas tau zoo txig). |
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Kev ntsuas ntau (hu) |
N / A (Cov neeg sib chwv yuav ntsuas tau zoo yog tias kev tuag). |
-} welded: txuas ntxiv rau tsis muaj (87) tsis muaj hwj chim. |
Cov lus no qhia meej tias muaj cov tsos mob li cas zoo li "Repay nyem tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim" cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha rau kev sib foob, tsis yog ua txhaum. Conversely, tag nrho cov tuag tag nrho uas yuav tsis nyem yog yuav luag yeej ib coil teeb meem lossis teeb meem nrog lub teeb liab pub mis nyuj.
Qhov "zais" txhaum
Muaj qhov tsis ua tiav hom uas muaj peev xwm ua rau kev siv dag kev sib txuas lus ntxiv. Qhov no muaj kev sib cuag siab tsis kam.
Ntawm no yog qhov xwm txheej: Relay nyem txig. Koj qhov kev lom zem ua kom zoo nkauj, qhia txuas ntxiv hla kev sib cuag. Koj rov qab lub relay, tab sis lub siab- power ntaus ntawv nws tswj hwm roj lossis kiv cua loj lossis zoo li tsis muaj zog.
Qhov no tshwm sim vim tias cov neeg sib cuag tau pitted lossis carbonized. Lawv tseem tuaj yeem hla me me, millivolt tam sim no los ntawm koj multimeter, txaus kom ua nws beep. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua hwm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiag tiag. Qhov pitted saum npoo tsim siab tsis kam uas chokes ntws thiab ua kom kub kub.
Koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov kev ua txhaum no los ntawm kev xav relay tom qab nws tau ua haujlwm rau ob peb feeb. Yog hais tias cov relay tau kov kub heev, nws yog lub cim muaj zog uas cov neeg sib tw tsis ua tiav hauv kev thauj khoom, txawm tias lawv tau dhau qhov kev xeem txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhov kev ntsuas siab tshaj tawm los ntawm tiag- ntiaj teb kev paub.
Cov kev saib xyuas uas muaj kev saib xyuas rau kev rov qab
Kev kuaj mob tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig. Tab sis tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tiav hauv thawj qhov chaw yog qhov zoo dua. Daim ntawv thov kom tsim nyog thiab Circuit Court tsim tau tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rau cov neeg xa khoom rov qab. Ua raws li cov kev coj ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yuav pab koj kom tsis txhob tsom xam ua ntej ntawm kev xa cov cheil thiab tiv tauj.
Kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau lub neej ntev
Siv qhov tseeb voltage. Nco ntsoov phim cov relay cov coil voltage rau kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob tus voltage. Nyob rau hauv - voltage yuav tiv thaiv cov relay los ntawm kaw kom ruaj, ua rau nkag mus hauv chatter thiab arcing. Tshaj - voltage yuav sai sai hlawv tawm ntawm kauj.
Hwm qhov kev ntaus nqi tam sim no. Tus tiv toj tam sim no ntaus nqi yog qhov nyuaj tsis txwv, tsis yog lus taw qhia. Ib lub 10-amp relay siv nyob rau hauv 20-amp Circuit Court yuav ua tsis tau sai sai vim yog kev tiv tauj loj heev rau kev yaig thiab overheating.
Ntxiv ib flyback diode. Thaum hloov chaw thau khoom zoo li lub peev hluav taws xob zoo li lub peev hluav taws xob lossis solenoids, kev sib nqus cov pob sib nqus tuaj yeem tsim cov voltage loj loj. Ib qho yooj yim "Flyback" diode muab tso rau ntawm coil cov chaw pib ua kom muaj kev nyuaj siab no. Qhov no tiv thaiv ob qho tib si cov relay thiab kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob rhiab tswj tau nws. Qhov no yog cov kws tshaj lij tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg tau.
Tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig, xws li nyob rau hauv lub tsheb hoods lossis hauv cov chaw muaj kev lag luam, siv cov chaw sib khi lossis tawg. Qhov no tiv thaiv ya raws, hmoov av, thiab cov pa roj corrosive los ntawm kev sib chwv thiab ua rau tsis ua haujlwm.
Xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas ruaj ntseg. Xoob CRAIRP cov chav lim dej lossis cov tub qij txha tsis zoo ib txwm ua teeb meem. Lawv tsim kev tiv thaiv, uas ua kom muaj cua sov uas tuaj yeem taug kev ntawm tus pin thiab puas cov ntawv hluav taws xob. Ib txwm ua kom muaj kev sib txuas tau nruj thiab ruaj ntseg.
Tso nws ua ke ua ke
Cia peb taug kev los ntawm qhov tseeb - NTIAJ TEB cov piv txwv kom pom tias txhua qhov kev paub no los ua ke. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav suav nrog tag nrho cov txheej txheem, los ntawm cov tsos mob kom daws.
Kev Kawm Kev Kawm Ntawv: Radiator Ntxuam
Cov tsos mob
Tus tswv tsev tsheb ceeb toom lawv lub cav kub nce thaum zaum hauv tsheb. Tshawb xyuas ceev qhia cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshuab hluav taws xob tsis yog li exping, txawm hais tias lub cav kub. Tus kiv cua Circuit Court Fuse yog tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo. Surmicion tam sim ntawd poob rau ntawm tus kiv cua relay.
Kev kuaj mob
Tus kws tshaj lij nrhiav thiab tshem tawm lub kiv cua relay los ntawm {{0} hood fuse box. Pom kev kuaj xyuas tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb lossis melting cov paib.
Ua ntej yog lub kauj ntsuas. Lub multimeter yog teem rau ohms thiab txuas rau pins 85 thiab 86. Nws nyeem khov kho 90ω. Xaus: Tus coil yog qhov zoo.
Tom ntej yog qhov kev sib tiv tauj. Pultimeter tau teem mus txuas ntxiv. Probes tau muab tso rau ntawm cov pin (30) thiab ib txwm qhib Pin (87). Raws li tau txais, tsis muaj beep.
Thaum kawg, kev xeem nias yog ua {{0} v zog ntawm cov pob ntseg dhia tau ua tib zoo thov kom zoo, ntse "tau hnov los ntawm kev xa tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov multimat sib txuas nrog pins 30 thiab 87 tseem qhia tsis muaj greep.
Qhov xaus
Kev kuaj mob yog qhov tseeb. Cov relay chev ua haujlwm, raws li tau pov thawj los ntawm kev kho kom raug thiab nyem nyem. Txawm li cas los xij, sab hauv fais fab hu tau ua tsis tiav. Lawv tau ua kom loj heev pitted, hlawv, lossis tawg uas lawv tsis ua rau hluav taws xob txuas thaum hloov pauv.
Lub hauv paus ua yog ua tsis tau kev tiv tauj, yuav yog ntau xyoo thiab ntau txhiab tus neeg mus hloov qhov siab - kiv cua tsav dav hlau thiab tawm. Cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim: hloov cov relay nrog ib qho tshiab ntawm tib txoj kev ntaus nqi.
Koj yog tus daws teeb meem
Pab kev zoo siab. Koj nyuam qhuav taug kev los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kev txheeb ze. Los ntawm kev nkag siab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, koj tsis yog kwv yees li.
Cia peb rov qab peb lub ntsiab txuj ci uas koj tau kawm lawm.
Ua ntej, koj nkag siab yog vim li cas cov kauj thiab cov neeg tiv tauj yog thawj cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog hauv ib relay. Koj paub txog cov kev lawv tsis ua tiav.
Second, you have a complete step-by-step process for performing thorough analysis of relay coil and contact faults.
Thib peb, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, koj tau mastered Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau yog tias cov neeg xa tawm tau siv tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov ntau tshaj thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab siv ntau tshaj li qhov ntau tshaj thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab siv ntau tshaj li qhov ntau tshaj thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab siv tau ntau tshaj li qhov ntau.
Tam sim no koj muaj kev paub thiab kev ntseeg siab los daws cov teeb meem no ua rau koj tus kheej.