Ntau tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij pom kev sib txuas ib qho yooj yim ob- xov hlau sensor mus rau nruab nrab relay tsis meej pem. Tab sis nws tsis tas yuav yog. Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb yog kev nkag siab tias ob qhov no ua haujlwm ua ke hauv ib qho kev tswj xyuas li cas.
Kev sib txuas tsim ib qho yooj yim series Circuit Court. Lub sensor ua haujlwm zoo li hloov pauv. Nws ua kom tiav lossis tawg lub voj voog uas ua rau lub relay tswj cov tswv yim.
Phau ntawv qhia no muab rau koj ua tiav, kauj ruam -los ntawm - kauj ruam daws. Peb mam li npog cov hauv paus ntawm txhua ntu. Peb yuav nkag mus tob rau hauv kev nrhiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau ob qho tib si Khoom -State Relays (SSRs) thiab Electromechanical Relays (EMRs). Koj yuav tau txais cov kab kos meej meej thiab kawm paub kho cov teeb meem siab heev uas koj yuav ntsib hauv thaj teb.
Nkag siab txog qhov Basic Parts
Koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog txhua qhov haujlwm ua ntej koj pib xaim. Lub hauv paus no txwv tsis pub ua yuam kev thiab pab koj xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau koj txoj haujlwm. Cia peb rhuav tshem ob - hlau sensor thiab ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab relays.
Ob -Wire Sensor
Ob - hlau sensor yog qhov hloov pauv. Nws qhib lossis kaw qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog cov khoom hlau tau los ze, qhov kub thiab txias hloov, lossis siab ncav cuag ib theem.
Tsis zoo li peb - hlau sensors (NPN / PNP), uas xav tau lawv tus kheej lub hwj chim kev twb kev txuas rau hauv electronics, ib tug ob - hlau sensor yog yooj yim dua. Nws tsis muaj ib lub hwj huam sib cais. Hloov chaw, nws dhau lub zog tswj hluav taws xob los ntawm kev thauj khoom (hauv peb qhov teeb meem, lub relay lub tswv yim) thaum nws tig rau.
Cov piv txwv uas koj yuav pom feem ntau suav nrog:
Mechanical limit switches on conveyor bets lossis machine guards.
Reed keyboards siv nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg systems rau lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais saib xyuas.
Yooj yim bimetallic thermostats rau kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias.
Float keyboards rau kev ntsuas cov kua hauv cov tank.
Intermediate Relay
Ib qho nruab nrab relay ua haujlwm zoo li lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cais tawm. Nws siv lub suab qis - lub zog tswj lub teeb liab, zoo li ib qho los ntawm peb ob - hlau sensor, hloov ib qho sib cais, ntau dua - fais fab Circuit Court. Qhov siab dua - lub zog hluav taws xob no ua haujlwm ib yam li lub cev muaj zog, lub tshuab cua sov, lossis cov contactor loj.
Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb: Electromechanical Relays (EMRs) thiab Solid-State Relays (SSRs). Koj qhov kev xaiv ntawm lawv nyob ntawm seb koj daim ntawv thov xav tau dab tsi rau kev ceev, nws yuav tsum kav ntev npaum li cas, thiab ib puag ncig hluav taws xob.
|
Feature |
Electromechanical Relay (EMR) |
Khoom -State Relay (SSR) |
|
Hloov Mechanism |
Kev sib cuag lub cev, txav qhov chaw |
Semiconductor (piv txwv li, TRIAC, MOSFET) |
|
Hloov ceev |
qeeb (milliseconds) |
Ceev heev (microseconds) |
|
Kev ua neej nyob |
Txwv los ntawm mechanical hnav |
Ntev heev (billions ntawm lub voj voog) |
|
Suab nrov |
Suab clicking suab |
Ua haujlwm ntsiag to |
|
Muab cais nyob ib leeg |
Inherent (coil & contacts) |
Optocoupler cais |
|
Common Use Case |
Yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv |
Siab - zaus, tswj tau meej |
Nkag siab SSRs Zoo dua
Khoom -State Relays yog cov khoom siv muaj zog tab sis cov khoom siv rhiab heev. Tsis nkag siab tias lawv ua haujlwm li cas yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas lawv ua tsis tiav. Tshooj lus no muab rau koj cov kws tshaj lij- cov ntaub ntawv qib siab kom koj tuaj yeem ntseeg siab xaiv, txheeb xyuas, thiab xaim SSR yam tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Nrhiav SSR Terminals
Feem ntau qhov ua tsis tiav pib nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov zis tawm. Nco ntsoov xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej. Tab sis feem ntau koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lawv los ntawm kev saib thaum tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv.
Sab tswj, lossis cov khoom hauv lub xeev relay input, yog qhov chaw uas koj txuas rau qis - fais fab teeb liab los ntawm koj lub sensor circuit. Nrhiav cov cim no:
Kos npe: Terminals feem ntau hais tias "INPUT" lossis "CONTROL". Rau DC inputs, koj yuav pom cov cim polarity zoo li + thiab -. Rau AC inputs, nrhiav ~ lossis A1 thiab A2.
Voltage Range: Daim ntawv lo qhia qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, xws li 3-32VDC lossis 90-250VAC. Qhov no yog qhov voltage xav tau los tig lub relay rau.
Lub Cev Loj: Cov ntsia hlau terminals thiab cov xov hlau mus rau lawv feem ntau me dua, vim lawv tsuas yog siv ob peb milliamps tam sim no.
Sab load, los yog tso zis, yog qhov chaw koj txuas lub siab - fais fab Circuit Court koj xav hloov.
Cov cim: Cov terminals feem ntau hais tias "OUTPUT" lossis "LOAD". Tej zaum lawv yuav raug cim nrog L1 thiab T1 lossis tsuas yog ~ cov cim.
Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob / tam sim no: Daim ntawv lo qhia qhov ntsuas ntau dua, xws li 24-480VAC, 25A. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage thiab tam sim no tus relay hloov tau.
Lub Cev Loj: Cov terminals loj dua thiab muaj zog dua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov dej ntws siab thiab tshem tawm cov cua sov.
AC vs DC SSRs
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog seb qhov SSR yog tsim los hloov qhov hloov tam sim no (AC) load lossis Direct Current (DC) load. Qhov no nyob ntawm seb lub semiconductor siv rau kev hloov pauv, tsis yog kev tswj hluav taws xob xwb.
AC tso zis SSRs siv cov khoom sab hauv xws li TRIACs lossis Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs). Ntau tus muaj "zero-hla" nrhiav pom. Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntse no tos rau AC sine yoj kom nyob ze zero volts ua ntej hloov lub load rau lossis tawm. Qhov no zoo heev txo cov suab nrov hluav taws xob (EMI) thiab inrush tam sim no, ua rau lub sijhawm ntev dua.
DC tso zis SSRs siv MOSFETs lossis siab - fais fab transistors. Lawv ua haujlwm raws li qhov hloov pauv ceev thiab muaj zog heev rau DC loads xws li solenoids, DC motors, thiab DC - lub tshuab cua sov. Lawv tsis muaj xoom- hla kev ua haujlwm vim nws tsis xav tau DC.
Txoj cai golden yog qhov tseeb: Tsis txhob siv DC - tso zis SSR los hloov AC load, lossis AC - tso zis SSR los hloov DC load. Ib qho AC load yuav zoo li rhuav tshem DC SSR tam sim ntawd. Ib qho AC SSR siv rau ntawm DC load yuav qhib tab sis yuav tsis tuaj yeem tua, vim nws tos rau xoom- hla taw tes uas yuav tsis tuaj hauv DC Circuit Court.
Optocoupler Isolation
Cov khawv koob tom qab SSR kev nyab xeeb yog optocoupler cais. Nyob rau hauv lub relay, tsis muaj lub cev hluav taws xob kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub input (tswj) Circuit Court thiab cov zis (load) Circuit Court.
Lub tshuab yog yooj yim tab sis ci ntsa iab: thaum koj siv qhov hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub LED sab hauv tig rau. Lub teeb no ci hla qhov sib txawv me me rau ntawm daim duab -sensitive transistor nyob rau sab tso zis. Lub phototransistor ces tig rau lub ntsiab hloov semiconductor (TRIAC lossis MOSFET) kom lub zog thauj khoom.
Qhov no tsim ib qho kev sib cais galvanic barrier. Nws tiv thaiv koj qhov rhiab heev thiab qis -voltage tswj qhov chaw- zoo li lub sensor, PLC, lossis microcontroller- los ntawm siab-voltage spikes, hluav taws xob nrov, thiab qhov tsis ua haujlwm loj uas yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov siab - fais fab load sab.
Common Wiring yuam kev
Xyoo ntawm kev paub dhau los qhia tau tias feem ntau SSR ua tsis tiav los ntawm ob peb yam, tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev. Kev nkag siab txog cov no yuav txuag koj lub sijhawm, nyiaj txiag, thiab kev ntxhov siab.
Rov qab input polarity. Ntawm DC- tawm tswv yim SSR, txuas cov xaim tswj qhov zoo rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo thiab lwm yam -piv txwv li yuav txwv tsis pub relay ua haujlwm. Nyob ntawm tus qauv, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog nkag mus tas li. Ib txwm muab ob npaug rau - xyuas cov cim + thiab -.
Txuas lub Load mus rau Input. Qhov no yog ib tug neeg tuag tab sis xav tsis thoob qhov yuam kev. Cov input terminals yog tsim los rau ob peb milliamps tam sim no. Txuas lub multi-amp load rau lawv yuav rhuav tshem cov input circuit tam sim ntawd.
Ignoring Heat Sinks. SSRs tsis zoo tag nrho; lawv ua kom sov thaum ua haujlwm tam sim no. Txoj cai zoo yog npaj rau txog 1.5 Watts ntawm tshav kub rau txhua Amp ntawm cov khoom tam sim no. Rau ib qho kev kos duab ntau dua li ob peb amps, lub dab dej kub tsis yog xaiv tau - nws yuav tsum tau. Overheating yog tus naj npawb ib tua neeg ntawm SSRs.
Tsis nco qab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Load tam sim no. Qee qhov AC SSRs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis yog -zero- hom hla, xav tau me me tam sim no los ntawm kev thauj khoom kom ua haujlwm raug. Yog tias koj lub load me me (xws li qhov taw qhia me me ntawm LED), SSR yuav ua tsis tiav los yog yuav flicker.
Hom Load tsis sib haum. Kev siv SSR ntsuas rau qhov "resistive" load (xws li lub rhaub) los hloov qhov "inductive" load (xws li lub cev muaj zog lossis solenoid) yog qhov txaus ntshai. Inductive loads tuaj yeem tsim qhov hluav taws xob loj loj (rov qab-EMF) thaum hloov tawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau SSR cov zis puas. Rau cov loads no, xaiv ib qho SSR tshwj xeeb ntsuas rau inductive switching los yog siv ib tug sab nraud snubber circuit.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: Kev xaim hluav taws xob
Tam sim no koj nkag siab txog cov khoom thiab cov teeb meem tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem txav mus rau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tshooj lus no qhia meej, cov kauj ruam -los ntawm - cov lus qhia kauj ruam rau kev xaim koj ob lub - xaim sensor rau SSRs thiab EMRs.
Kev nyab xeeb ua ntej
Ua ntej kov cov hlau, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob tau ua rau- nyob rau hauv qhov txaus ntshai, thiab tsis muaj chaw rau kev hla.
TSIS TXHOB tua thiab kaw tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Qhov no suav nrog ob qho tib si tswj lub zog thiab lub zog thauj khoom.
Txheeb xyuas tias lub voj voog tuag siv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas kom zoo. Ntsuam xyuas koj lub ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw nyob paub ua ntej, tom qab ntawd sim lub voj voog koj yuav ua haujlwm.
Siv cov xov hlau ntawm qhov loj me rau qhov xav tau tam sim no. Cov hlau uas me dhau tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab ua kom muaj hluav taws kub.
Xyuas kom tag nrho cov ntsia hlau txuas txuas yog nruj thiab ruaj ntseg. Kev sib txuas xoob tuaj yeem ua rau arcing thiab ua haujlwm tsis sib xws.
Yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog ib kauj ruam twg, nres thiab nug tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob tsim nyog.
Scenario 1: Kev xa mus rau SSR
Lub logic ntawm no yog los tsim ib qho yooj yim series Circuit Court. Lub hwj chim mov, ob lub -hlau sensor, thiab SSR lub tswv yim yog tag nrho txuas rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Thaum lub sensor kaw, nws ua tiav lub voj, energizing SSR.
Cov Cheebtsam Xav Tau:
Tswj fais fab mov (piv txwv li, 24VDC)
Ob -Wire Sensor
Khoom -State Relay (nrog rau qhov sib piv DC input)
Kev Txuas Hlau
Kauj ruam-los ntawm-Cov lus qhia kauj ruam:
Nrhiav Terminals. Txheeb xyuas qhov + thiab - ntawm koj lub hwj chim. Nrhiav ob lub xov tooj ntawm koj lub sensor. Ntawm SSR, nrhiav qhov DC input terminals, feem ntau yog cim 3 (+) thiab 4 (-).
Txuas lub zog rau Sensor. Txuas ib lub xaim los ntawm qhov zoo (+) lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm koj lub hwj chim tswj mus rau ib qho ntawm ob lub xov hlau los ntawm lub sensor.
Txuas Sensor rau SSR. Txuas lub xov hlau thib ob los ntawm lub sensor mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws input davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm SSR (zoo li lub davhlau ya nyob twg 3).
Ua kom tiav Circuit Court. Txuas ib lub xov hlau los ntawm qhov tsis zoo input davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm SSR (zoo li lub davhlau ya nyob twg 4) rov qab mus rau qhov tsis zoo ({2}}) lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm koj lub hwj chim tswj.
Kev kuaj zaum kawg. Tam sim no lub Circuit Court tswj tau tiav. Thaum lub sensor qhib (kaw), nws yuav tso cai rau tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub hwj huam mov, los ntawm lub sensor, los ntawm SSR lub tswv yim, thiab rov qab mus rau lub mov, tig lub SSR.
Txhawm rau ua tiav kev teeb tsa, koj yuav xa koj lub siab - lub zog thauj khoom mus rau qhov chaw tso zis ntawm SSR. Piv txwv li, txuas AC Line mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg 1 thiab txuas lub davhlau ya nyob twg 2 rau koj lub AC load. Lwm sab ntawm AC load yuav txuas rov qab rau AC Neutral.
Scenario 2: Txuas rau EMR
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev xaim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog tib yam li rau SSR. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog cov lus siv rau cov tswv yim terminals. Hloov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob polarized, koj tab tom ua kom lub zog ntawm cov xaim yooj yim.
Kauj ruam-los ntawm-Cov lus qhia kauj ruam:
Nrhiav Terminals. Nrhiav koj lub hwj chim tswj qhov chaw thiab sensor xov hlau. Ntawm EMR, nrhiav cov coil terminals. Cov no yuav luag ib txwm sau npe A1 thiab A2. Rau feem ntau kev lag luam relays, lub kauj tsis yog polarized, yog li qhov polarity ntawm DC kev twb kev txuas tsis muaj teeb meem.
Txuas hauv Series. Ua raws li tib lub ntsiab lus, tsim lub voj voog:
Txuas qhov zoo (+) ntawm lub hwj huam mov mus rau ib lub xaim ntawm lub sensor.
Txuas lub xov hlau thib ob ntawm lub sensor mus rau A1 davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub relay.
Txuas lub davhlau ya nyob twg A2 ntawm relay rov qab mus rau qhov tsis zoo (-) ntawm lub hwj chim mov.
Thaum lub sensor kaw, nws ua tiav lub Circuit Court, thiab tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub kauj. Qhov no tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus uas lub cev rub cov kev sib cuag sab hauv raug kaw, hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog rau cov khoom sib txuas (COM), ib txwm qhib (NO), thiab feem ntau kaw (NC) terminals.
Kev txiav txim siab Advanced
Kev xaim yooj yim yuav daws tau cov teeb meem feem ntau, tab sis cov kws tshaj lij -qib kev teeb tsa yuav tsum tau cia siab tias tsis yog - teeb meem pom tseeb. Tshooj lus no suav nrog cov teeb meem uas muaj tab sis nyuaj uas tuaj yeem ntxhov siab rau kev daws teeb meem yam tsis muaj kev paub dhau los.
Qhov "Leaky" Sensor
Qee cov khoom siv -xeev sensors (xws li qee qhov sib thooj lossis photoelectric sensors) tsis zoo tag nrho cov keyboards. Txawm tias thaum lawv nyob rau hauv lub xeev "tawm", lawv tuaj yeem tso cai rau qhov me me ntawm cov xau tam sim no dhau mus.
Qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum qhov dej ntws tawm tam sim no tsuas yog siab txaus los kuaj pom los ntawm SSR cov tswv yim rhiab heev. SSR xav tias qhov me me tam sim no yog "on" teeb liab, ua rau lub relay nyob twj ywm energized los yog flicker txawm tias thaum lub sensor yuav tsum tawm.
Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog los nruab ib lub bleeder resistor, tseem hu ua dummy load resistor. Qhov no resistor yog wired nyob rau hauv parallel nrog SSR lub input terminals (+ thiab -).
Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm kev muab txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua rau cov dej ntws me me kom ntws mus rau hauv av. Qhov tam sim no tsawg dhau los tsim qhov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thoob plaws lub resistor, yog li SSR cov tswv yim yeej tsis pom qhov cuam tshuam qhov hluav taws xob thiab nyob twj ywm hauv lub xeev tawm. Thaum lub sensor tig rau kom zoo, nws muab tam sim no txaus rau lub zog ntawm ob qho tib si resistor thiab SSR input, tig lub relay raws li xav tau.
Raws li qhov pib ua tau zoo rau qhov kev tswj hwm 24VDC, 2.2kΩ (2200 Ohm), 1/2 Watt resistor yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Daim ntawv qhia daws teeb meem ceev
Thaum tej yam tsis ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau, txoj hauv kev yog qhov tseem ceeb. Daim ntawv qhia no qhia txog cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws, lawv qhov yuav ua rau, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem raug.
|
Cov tsos mob |
Possible Cause(s) |
Kev daws teeb meem |
|
Relay tsis tig ON |
1. Rov qab input polarity (DC SSR). |
1. Kho qhov + thiab - xaim ntawm SSR cov tswv yim. |
|
Relay tsis kaw |
1. Sensor leakage tam sim no (SSR nkaus xwb). |
1. Nruab ib lub bleeder resistor hla lub SSR input. |
|
Load flickers / Relay "catters" |
1. Kev sib txuas ntawm xoob xoob hauv kev tswj lossis thauj khoom hauv Circuit Court. |
1. De- zog thiab zawm tag nrho cov ntsia hlau terminals. |
Txuas nrog Kev Ntseeg
Yuav ua li cas txuas ob - hlau sensor mus rau nruab nrab relay yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim hauv kev lag luam automation thiab tswj. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog ib qho yooj yim series Circuit Court, qhov twg lub sensor ua raws li lub rooj vag rau qhov tam sim no energizes lub relay.
Kev vam meej, txawm li cas los xij, nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus. Nkag siab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom hauv lub xeev relay tawm tswv yim, hwm cov nuances ntawm AC DC SSR qhov sib txawv, thiab txaus siab rau lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm optocoupler cais yog dab tsi cais cov novice los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus qhia no, tam sim no koj muaj kev paub tsis yog tsuas yog txuas tab sis kuj los daws teeb meem thiab txhim kho qhov txuas ntawm lub sensor thiab relay. Koj tuaj yeem txav mus tom ntej nrog kev ntseeg siab tias koj lub installation yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha, thiab ua kom ntev.
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm 12V relay? Ua kom tiav Daim Ntawv Qhia Kev Xeem
Kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias 12V relay tsis koom tab sis lub kauj muaj zog?
Dab tsi yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm 12V relay hauv maus taus? Ua tiav Phau Ntawv Qhia
12V relay DIN rail installation: Ua tiav Daim Ntawv Qhia rau Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag